CQZSL BA C@G]AIZL - GQFG =
CQZSL BA C@G]AIZL – GQFG = : IHSRIRQRL QHI]AZSGF JZGSIFAIZL
Gtahîãl
Fakjra-sa qua gfturg ‖x‛ é gqua mgz l sanrabl.
(Minurg :)
.
Minurg 7 -
Nuif`ltihgs suparilras a ihmarilras.
Minurg : -
Gfturg x é qua clhtg pgrg mgzar lsanrabl.
Nuif`ltihgSuparilrNuif`ltihgIhmarilrCifihbrl
2x3 : 7Trlmuhbibgba bgs cgvgs?H¿ 7 - Trlmuhbibgba bg cgvg4,4 kk.H¿ : - Trlmuhbibgba bg cgvg4,1 kk.H¿ 3 - Trlmuhbibgba bg cgvg7,4 kk.H¿ 2 - Trlmuhbibgba bg cgvg7,0 kk.
RITLS BA NQIF@LRIHGS
]ikls hg fiîãl ghtarilr clklratirgr ls cifihbrls ba inhiîãl blsbimarahtas tipls ba trgvgs ba biraîãl aclkl basklhtç-fls.Astubgrakls hastg gufg lstipls ba nuif`ltihgs a gs qughtibgbasutifizgbgs pafgs bivarsgs klhtgblrgspgrg mlrkgr l sanrabl bls cifihbrls bainhiîãl a bgs plrtgs bls gutlkóvais.L gfuhl oç astublu ak gufgghtarilr l sistakg ba sanrablakpranghbl nuif`ltihgs bls cifihbrlspgrg kóvais clkarcigis, clk gmihgfibgba ba bikihuir l biêkatrl blscifihbrls.L sanrabl bastas cifihbrls ésikpfas, astç situgbl hg pgrta suparilr bl cgh`ãl.Hl cgsl bls cifihbrls utifizgblspafgs ihbÿstrigs gutlkljifësticgs lsanrabl é bupfl, lu saog, plssuinuif`ltihgs suparilras a ihmarilras.
(Minurg 7)
.Tlr sar g qughtibgba banuif`ltihgs jak kgilr, lclrra cartgbimicufbgba hl klkahtl ba clhmaccilhgr g c`gva pgrg ls cifihbrls.Ghtas, plrék,ba ahtrgr hls batgf`as bg clhmacîãl bac`gvas pgrg cifihbrls ba gutlkóvais, éikplrtghta pgrg l gfuhl clh`acar lssanrabls a nuif`ltihgs gbltgbgs pafgsbivarsgsklhtgblrgs. Gjlrbgrakls l gssuhtl hgkaskg saqöïhcig gbltgbg hg gufgghtarilr l qua clrrasplhba g?- ]lfeswgnah5- Nahargf Kltlrs5- Mlrb a5- Migt.Ihicighbl clk g fih`g bg]lfeswgnah, astg klhtgblrg utifizgqugtrl nuif`ltihgs ba gfturgs ‖x‛bimarahtas qua prlplrcilhg qugtrlprlmuhbibgbas ba cgvgs pgbrlhizgbgs. Gsnuif`ltihgsracajakhÿkarlsbaukgqugtrlquagsibahtimicgk.Rlblslsgutlkóvaisbg fih`gbgklhtgblrg ]lfeswgnah utifizg baz (74)nuif`ltihgs hl sanrabl bl cifihbrl bainhiîãlasata(>)nuif`ltihgshlscifihbrlsbgsplrtgs.Tlrtghtl, l clrratl éclhmaccilhgr g c`gva pafl cifihbrl bginhiîãl, clhtubl sa mlr clhmaccilhgr gc`gva pafg plrtg bavarç gcrascahtgr gs cgvgs mgftghtas, qua sarç ahsihgblkgis gbighta.Hl cgsl bls gutlkóvais Nlfm, Gubi, Tlfl a Tgssgt, qua plssuakc`gvas pghtlnrçmicgs, gs nuif`ltihgs
CQZSL BA C@G]AIZL – GQFG = 3 IHSRIRQRL QHI]AZSGF JZGSIFAIZL
Minurg 2 -
Klbafl bgs qugtrl nuif`ltihgs blscgrrls bg Nahargf Kltlrs.
Minurg 3 -
Nuif`ltihgs bl sistakg pghtlnrç-micl.
Ljsarvgîãl
Gfék ba hukargbgs ba 7 g 2 assgsnuif`ltihgs plbak sar clflribgs.
(Minurg 2)
.
H
l
7 ; 4,4 kkH
l
: ; 4,= kkH
l
3 ; 7,: kkH
l
2 ; 7,0 kk
Minurg :-G -
C`gva pghtlnrçmicg tak cgvgsfg-targis
Minurg 1 -
Nuif`ltihgs bl Lkang a ]actrg.
7 : 3 2
H
l
7 ; ( ]arkaf`g) 4,4 kkH
l
: ; (Tratg) 4,= kkH
l
3 ; (Trgtg) 7,: kkH
l
2 ; (Gkgrafg) 7,0 kkH
¿
7 ; 4,4 kkH
¿
: ; 4,1 kkH
¿
3 ; 7,4 kkH
¿
2 ; 7,0 kk
hukargbgsba
7
g
2
tgkjékprlpicigkqugtrlprlmuhbibgbasbacgvgsgsgjar.
(Minurg :G)
.L hÿkarl ba sanrabls blcifihbrl ba inhiîãl a bl sanrabl bgsplrtgs é l kaskl, lu saog, gkjlsutifizgk qugtrl nuif`ltihgs hg pgrtasuparilr a qugtrl nuif`ltihgs hg pgrtaihmarilr bl cgh`ãl.Tgrg kaf`lr clkpraahsãl, gsnuif`ltihgs qua sãl utifizgbgs hg mlr-kgîãl bl sanrabl sãl gs qua astãlraprasahtgbgs hg
minurg 3
.Bg fih`g NK (Nahargf Kltlrs)ls cgrrls Clrsg, Klhzg, Egbat, Gstrg,Caftgagihbglutrlsgutlkóvaisqua sa utifizgk bl kaskl cifihbrl, lsanrabl é maitl clk qugtrl nuif`ltihgsba gfturg ‖x‛ bimarahtas a quaprlplrcilhgk qugtrl prlmuhbibgbaspgbrlhizgbgs ba cgvgs g sgjar.Ls gutlkóvais bg fih`gNahargf Kltlrs plssuak baz (74)nuif`ltihgs mlrkghbl l sanrabl bginhiîãl a sata (>) nuif`ltihgs hlscifihbrls bgs plrtgs. Tlrtghtl, égclhsaf`çvaf clhmaccilhgr g c`gvapafl cifihbrl bg inhiîãl.Ls gutlkóvais Lkang a]actrg plssuak c`gvas pghtlnrçmicgsqua utifizgk cihcl nuif`ltihgs bagfturgs ‖x‛ bimarahtas hukargbgs ba 7g 1.
(Minurg 1)
.Astg é ukg c`gva ikplssëvafba sar axacutgbg g kãl. É hacassçrilplssuir uk
clbimicgblr
pgrg qua gc`gva plssg sar clhmaccilhgbg hgkçquihg pghtlnrçmicg.L clbimicgblr é uk bisplsitivl,qua hls parkita trgîgr, gtrgvés bapaquahgs ahnrahgnahs, l parmif bgc`gva, pafls hÿkarls bgs nuif`ltihgs.Tlr axakpfl, vgkls suplr qua lsanrabl bg c`gva saog mlrkgbl pafgssanuihtas nuif`ltihgs 7, 3, :, 2 a 1. Gssik, klvikahtghbl-sa gsahnrahgnahs bl clbimicgblr qua sãlhukargbgs, pgrg gfih`gr assghukargîãl 7, 3, :, 2 a 1, vgkls ljtar l parmif bg c`gva.Favgbl assa clbimicgblr hlklrbahta biraitl bg kçquihgpghtlnrçmicg (fgbl bl nuig) afa sarvirçba klbafl pgrg g cópig bg c`gva.
(minurg =)
.Hg fih`g Mlrb, ls vaëcuflsClrcaf II, Baf-Zay, Jafihg, Tgkpg aCgkih`ãl sãl ls ÿhicls cuolssanrabls bls cifihbrls bg inhiîãl,plrtgs a bakgis sãl bl sistakg Ygfaclhvahcilhgf, lu saog, l sistakg basanrablémlrkgblplrpihlssanrabls,clhtrg pihls (tipl clpih`l) a klfih`gsclhmlrka oç axpficgbl ghtarilrkahta. G qughtibgba ba pihls blscifihbrls ba inhiîãl a bgs plrtgs é lkaskl, plrtghtl, g clhmacîãl bgc`gva plba sar maitg plr qugfquar ukbls cifihbrls.Ls gutlkóvais? Asclrt, ]arlhga]arsgfasutifizgkqugtrlgfturgs‖x‛banuif`ltihgs, g sgjar?Kgis batgf`as sljra gclhmacîãl bg c`gva pgrg assasgutlkóvais sarãl bgbls kgis gbighta,qughbl gjlrbgrkls l gssuhtl?gutlkóvais bg Gutl Fgtihg (Qhiãl bgklhtgblrg Mlrb a ]lfeswgnah) gpós lghl ba 799: gté gprlxikgbgkahta lghl ba 799=.
7 : 3 2